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�썝      臾�  문헌기록에 의하면 제주에는 쇠딱다구리, 오색딱다구리, 큰오색딱다구리, 까막딱다구리(?) 등 모두 4종이 분포하는데, 큰오색딱다구리를 제외하고는 서식여부가 불투명하다.
 큰오색딱다구리는 해발 400m 이상의 낙엽활엽수림지대에서 고루 분포하는 텃새로, 암수가 뚜렷하다. 등과 날개는 검은색 바탕에 하얀색 줄무늬가 독특하며 배는 백색 바탕에 검은색의 세로줄 무늬가 나 있다. 수컷은 머리꼭대기가 붉은색이나 암컷은 검은색이다. 습성상 나무 줄기를 타거나 구멍을 파서 먹이를 찾기 때문에, 두개골과 부리가 단단하고 혀가 길고 발가락이 앞뒤 X자로 생겼으며 꼬리깃도 제비 꼬리깃처럼 단단하다. 번식 구멍을 이용하기 나무는 죽은 곰솔을 많이 이용하지만, 살아있는 졸참나무, 밤나무, 서어나무 등도 선호한다. 번식기에는 한라산 활엽수림대에서 암수가 쉽게 관찰되나 비번식기에는 홀로 지내는 경우가 많다. 겨울철에는 중산간 곰솔림이나 곶자왈 지역으로 내려오며 간혹 한라수목원내의 숲에도 나타난다. 요즘 한라산을 등반하다가 나무를 쪼는 소리가 들을 수 있는데, 바로 큰오색딱다구리이다. 다른 새들처럼 명금을 울려서 울음소리를 내는 것이 아니라 나무를 쪼으면서 소리를 내며 번식기인 5∼6월에 더 크게 두드린다. 
 이 종은 제주도 상징새로 지정되어 있는데, 그 상징적 의미를 보면 다음과 같다. 우선 제주도(특히 한라산)에서 일년 내내 볼 수 있는 텃새인 동시에, 지리적으로 섬 지역에 고립되어 있어서 한반도의 개체군과는 차이가 있어서 특산 아종인 제주큰오색딱다구리로 분류하기도 한다. 지리적 분포에 따라 백색의 발달정도와 크기, 세로간 무늬의 발달정도에 따라 여러 아종으로 나누며, 제주큰오색딱다구리는 비교적 소형으로 머리와 등면은 큰오색딱다구리와 거의 같으나 다만 아래 등과 허리의 백색이 적다. 그리고 아래면의 세로간 무늬가 넓고, 가슴의 바탕색은 연한 노란색을 띠는 백색이다. 
 두 번째는 큰오색딱다구리는 산림해충을 잡아먹기 때문에 숲에 매우 이로운 새다. 먹이감이 주로 곤충류로 아침부터 저녁까지 부지런히 먹이감을 찾아다닌다. 또한 큰오색딱다구리가 이용했던 나무 구멍은 이듬해에 재사용하기보다는 산림해충을 주로 잡아먹는 박새, 곤줄박이, 찌르레기 등의 소형 조류에게 번식터로 양보한다. 만약 큰오색딱다구리의 개체수가 급감하게 되면 한라산 숲은 산림 해충으로부터 크게 훼손될 뿐만 아니라 다른 생명들에게도 심각한 타격을 안겨줄 수 있다. 따라서 큰오색딱다구리를 비롯한 박새류의 서식밀도가 높다는 것은 자연히 한라산 숲이 생태적으로 건강하다는 지표가 된다. 이는 바로 제주 도민의 근면성과 희생정신을 나타낸 것으로, 지리적 여건과 자연재해를 극복하기 위해 밤낮으로 애써온 결과, 건강한 제주를 건설해낸 제주 사람들의 일면을 상징하기도 한다. 
 이 새가 앞으로도 한라산 지킴이로서의 역할을 충실히 해낼 수 있을지는 청정 제주자연을 지켜내기 위한 제주 사람들의 의지가 절대 필요하다.
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